Symptoms And Causes Of Child Physical Abuse - 825 Words

Along with symptoms and causes of child physical abuse, physical abuse has long-term impacts on children. According to Adults Surviving Child Abuse (2015), research has found that childhood abuse contributes to the likelihood of depression, anxiety disorders, addictions, personality disorders, sexual disorders and suicidal behavior. A recent study found that almost 76% of adults reporting child physical abuse and neglect have at least one psychiatric disorder in their lifetime and nearly 50% have three or more psychiatric disorders (Adults Surviving Child Abuse, 2015). Several long-term impacts include decrease performance at school or education, criminal risk taking behaviors, drugs and alcohol problems, medical diseases, relationships problems, isolation/social disconnection and behavior health effects. Performance at school or education is decreased since the child attends school less frequently. A physical abuse child misses school to conceal their injuries. Children that were ph ysically abused are more likely to engage in drug and alcohol. According to Wisdom and Hiller-Sturmhofel (n.d), experience of being abused as a child may increase a person’s risk for alcohol-related problems as an adult. For medical diseases, a study shown in multivariate models controlling for age, sex, childhood adversities, and family background, childhood physical abuse predicted a graded increase in depression, anxiety, anger, physical symptoms, and medical diagnoses. Childhood physicalShow MoreRelatedChild Abuse1545 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: CHILD ABUSE Title- Child Abuse SENTENCE OUTLINE TOPIC: Child Abuse TOPIC SENTENCE: Child abuse is any act or inaction on the part of a parent or caregiver on a child 18 years and under. THESIS STATEMENT: The UK Guidance working together to safeguard children 2010, says that, child abuse constitutes of neglect, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. SUB TOPICRead MorePsychological And Social Aspects Of Child Abuse895 Words   |  4 PagesChild abuse has been an ongoing problem throughout the years that can affect a child from infancy all throughout adulthood. There are three kinds of child abuse. The first one is emotional abuse, it involves the psychological and social aspects of child abuse. It is usually seen when a parent cares more about their personal needs and goals rather than their children. The type of parenting style is characterized as overt aggression towards children or intimidation and manipulation. The parentsRead MoreDentists Can Have A Huge Impact On Their Community And1263 Words   |  6 Pageshuge impact on their community and the well being of their patients. They can often be the first to notice symptoms of systemic disease as well as signs of abuse. Intentionally inflicted trauma affects all age groups, nationalities and ethnicities. It spans from child abuse, partner violence and abuse/neglect of the elderly. As dentists it is very important to know the signs and symptoms of intentionally inflicted trauma. Domestic violence not only affects the children but the partner in a relationshipRead Moresymptoms of abuse998 Words   |  4 Pagessigns, symptoms, indicators and behaviors that may cause concern in the context of safeguarding. The responsibility of every practitioner is to safeguard the children under his/her care. Within the definition of safeguarding is also child protection. Protecting the child is very serious responsibility and it means that we must ensure that the child is not a victim of abuse. We can distinguish different kinds of abuse: physical, emotional, sexual abuse or neglect. To notice abused child the practitionerRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1317 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse has long been an ongoing social problem; this abuse has been one of the repeatedly difficult accusations to prove in our criminal justice system. Child abuse causes many years of suffering for victims. Children abused suffer from chemical imbalances, behavioral issues and are at high risk for becoming abusers or being abused in adult relationships. This cycle of learned behavior and suffering will be a hopeless reoccurring problem unless the criminal justice system and protocols for abusersRead M oreSafeguarding Abuse732 Words   |  3 Pagesbe an indication of abuse, whereby safeguarding should be put into action. Often when a child or young person is being abused they are subjected to more than one type, therefore it is essential that the different type of abuse is highlighted and the signs or symptoms of abuse is identified so that if they are acknowledge they are reported and acted upon. Below I have input a table of types of abuse along with indicators or signs which people should be aware of which is cause for concern in relationRead MoreChild Abuse Is A Worldwide Problem1509 Words   |  7 PagesChild abuse is a worldwide problem. According to the Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect, it is interpreted as any recent act of failure to act the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, which is an action or the failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm. Abuse comes in many forms such as: emotional, physical, sexual, verbal and neglect. Neglect is the failure to care properly; It has been provenRead MoreEffect of Child Abuse in Our Society1405 Words   |  6 Pages EFFECT OF CHILD ABUSE IN OUR SOCIETY INTRODUCTION Child abuse is the physical, sexual, emotional abandonment and/or maltreatment of a child. Child abuse is a latent function of some families that is not intended but happens anyway. Child abuse is often seen differently, depending on various cultures, societies, and groups. We as a society cannot really understand the effect of â€Å"Child Abuse in Our Society† unless we have the grasp knowledge of what child abuse actually is. This paperRead MoreMulti Agency Working Together1216 Words   |  5 Pagesreport will look at the meaning of safeguarding, looking at the signs/symptoms and types of abuse. Research into this report will look at the barriers multi-agency teams and practitioners are faced with when safeguarding children, including the Common Assessment Framework (CAF). In conclusion this report will outline recommendations to improve best practice. 1. What is safeguarding? â€Å"The process of protecting children from abuse or neglect, preventing impairment of their health and development,Read MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1132 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Child abuse takes many different forms. Including physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect of a children by parents, guardians, or others responsible for a child s welfare. Regardless of the type of abuse, the child’s devolvement is greatly impacted. The child’s risk for emotional, behavioral, academic, social, and physical problems in life increase. According to the Child Maltreatment Report by the Children’s Bureau (1999) the most common form of child abuse in the United States is

Poem Analysis Still I Rise - 918 Words

Poetry Response Essay I would like to start this essay by commenting on a video of a poem we saw in class by Shane Koyczan called â€Å"To This Day† it touched me emotionally and almost made me cry. The poem made me reflect on life, on all the emotional hardships I had to endure in my childhood, and most of my adult life; that the loved ones around me had suffered or suffer the same fate. I realized that people who are discriminated or even hated against tend to attract one another like a herd looking for safety in numbers. This poem engaged me by music, truth, accuracy, and rhythm/flow of the poem it was dynamic the way it drew me in. Second poem I would like to comment on is Maya Angelou’s â€Å"Still I Rise.† I liked this poem because it is how I try to live life ignoring discrimination and prejudice and going on to live my life and better myself and rise above all the obstacles the worlds throws at you I may be white but I used to be fat which is still one of society’s still accepted prejudices, so I dealt with a lot of hate over the years. It was a very empowering poem. I like how subtle yet powerful the poem is written it draws you in and makes you smile and think. This poem influenced me and gave me the idea to write a poem about not fighting against all adversity, but accepting it and rising above it. I thought Gary Turk’s poem â€Å"Look Up† was a very neat and eye opening poem. The poem made me realize how much society really does have their heads in the digital world notShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the poem Still I Rise1268 Words   |  6 Pages2014 An Analysis of the poem Still I Rise by Maya Angelou African Americans have been oppressed for centuries. Despite this discrimination, people of this race have fought hard for their freedom and respect. This pursuit of equality is evident inMaya Angelou’s poem, â€Å"Still I Rise†. Angelou integrates numerous literary ideas such as various sounds, poetry forms, and key concepts.The poetic devices incorporated in Maya Angelou’s work, â€Å"Still I Rise†,heightens theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Still I Rise 893 Words   |  4 PagesDeclaration of Independence â€Å"all men are created equal† ( ), we are consistently observing that the fight for human rights and equality still exist today. Although African Americans have experienced and endured countless hardships and setbacks, their spirit proves to be resilient. In the unforgettable poem â€Å"Still I Rise†, written by the literary giant, Maya Angelou, the poem powerfully expresses the plight of the African American people and how we have risen above racism and adversity only to survive andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem An Unknown Girl And Still I Rise Essay2661 Words   |  11 PagesBoth poems â€Å"An Unknown Girl† and â€Å"Still I rise† have a very different narrative story and both poets use various different poetic devices to draw empathy and sympathy from their audiences, however both poems covey an overall positive mood. In the poem ‘Still I Rise’ by Maya Angelou, the poet uses repetition, metaphors and similes to express to her audience about how she has overcome racism in her life through demonstrating a strong, proud and defiant attitude to inspire others. In the poem â€Å"An UnknownRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Still I Rise By Maya Angelou1959 Words   |  8 Pagesnumerous awards associated with her role as a feminist. Angelou s poems celebrate black people, men and women; at the same time, they bear witness to the trials of black people in this country (Cookson). In the poems â€Å"Still I Rise†, â€Å"Phenomenal Woman†, â€Å"Weekend Glory† and â€Å"Our Grandmothers† there are some similarities and differences. From the four poems, the difference is the main theme of each poem. In the poem, â€Å"Still I Rise†, the theme is about how a woman who confronts her painful historyRead MoreUxt Task 1945 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: Analysis of â€Å"Still I Rise† 1 Analysis of â€Å"Still I Rise† When reading, â€Å"Still I Rise†, by Maya Angelou, I immediately get a sense of perseverance and pride. The author seems to be addressing her adversaries directly through her words. I love the imagery used in this poem. I can almost see the dust rising and can feel the swelling of the black ocean that the author mentions. â€Å"Cause I walk like I got oil wells pumping in my living room†(Angelou, 1978), and, â€Å"Laugh like I’veRead MoreStill I Rise1705 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Still I Rise† Poem Analysis â€Å"Still I Rise† was written by Maya Angelou, who is an African-American poet. A majority of her poems are written on slavery and life as a African- American woman. â€Å"Still I Rise† is one of the many well known. She discusses how she is treated differently and refers to her ancestry and relates to events they went through during the time of slavery and the events she continues to go through during her time period of life. â€Å"This poem has been an inspiration to peopleRead MoreMaya Angelous Still I Rise904 Words   |  4 PagesThis seminar paper will look at a poem written by Maya Angelou, Still I rise, 1978. An analysis of this poem will be provided, exploring the meaning of the poem and the language used to present a certain image to the audience. â€Å"Dr. Angelou experienced the brutality of racial discrimination, but she also absorbed the unshakable faith and values of traditional African-American family, community, and culture†(www.mayaangelou.com, 2014). This poem is Maya Angelou speaking to the audience as she explainsRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings And Still I Rise By Maya Angelou1517 Words   |  7 PagesPoems of Color The poems â€Å" I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings† and â€Å"Still I Rise† by Maya Angelou are both poems that speak on the issues of the mistreatment of African Americans, and how these challenges were created simply by the color of one’s skin and overcome. While the poems â€Å"Mother To Son† and â€Å" Dreams† by Langston Hughes refer to the hopes of African Americans for a better standard of living, and the consequences of departing from these dreams of bettering themselves. This comparison ofRead MoreLiterary Criticism Of Literature And Literature873 Words   |  4 Pagessimile, paradox, and so on. The analysis of the literary devices depicted allow readers to engage with the text—in order to understand the interactions between the text s structure and meaning (â€Å"New Criticism | Glossary Terms | Poetry Foundation,† para.1). This paper will analyze Angelou s poem â€Å"Still I Rise† from a New Criticism perspective. Ange lou’s poem uses a simile, hyperbole, and repetition. The literary devices help readers understand the overall meaning of the poem. Angelou wants readers toRead MoreThe Importance of Determination Essay687 Words   |  3 Pagestheir way. â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes and â€Å"Still I Rise† by Maya Angelou are two different works written by two different authors yet they both convey the same message. Together, the two authors stress the significance of pushing harder when faced with conflicts rather than simply giving up. Using figurative language and repetition, Langston Hughes and Maya Angelou effectively emphasize this message in both of their poems. In both poems, both authors attempt to convince the reader of the

Database Normalization

Question: Discuss about the Database Normalization Answer: Dependency Diagram The dependency diagram is explaining the dependency in the above table. The fields are dependent on each other in Trainer, Room and Class Session table. There is partial and transitive dependency in between the fields. 3NF Relations (Access Programmers n.d.) Relational Schema Trainer (Trainer_ID, Trainer_Name) Primary Key - Trainer_ID Room (Room_No, Room_Name, School) Primary Key - Room_No Class_Session (Trainer_ID , Room_No, Class_Session, Trainer_Name , Room_Name, Class_Name, Class_Day, School) Primary Key - Trainer_ID, Room_No, Class_Session Trainer_ID references Trainer (Trainer_ID) Room_No references Room (Room_No) (Guru99 2016) ER Diagram References Guru99 2016, Learn Database Normalization with the help of a case study, Viewed on 11th April 2017 https://www.guru99.com/database-normalization.html Access Programmers n.d., Normalizing the Table Design, Viewed on 11th April 2017 https://www.access-programmers.com/normalizing-the-table-design.aspx

Macroeconomics Final Paper free essay sample

All economic indicators point to the fact that the United States has been in a recession for at least a year now. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time (as defined by Gregory Mankiw in his textbook, â€Å"Brief Principles of Macroeconomics†) clearly indicates that the U. S. economy has entered a recession. Consistent with the past three recessions in the U. S. (early 80’s, early 90’s, and 2001-2003), the Real GDP’s growth rate has become increasingly volatile over the past five quarters. In fact, per the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), the GDP has contracted in two of the past four quarters. According to the BEA’s Table 1. 1. 1 – Percent Change from Preceding Period in Real GDP, the only other times in the past 30 years when the real GDP decreased in two of any given four consecutive quarters was during the aforementioned recessions. We will write a custom essay sample on Macroeconomics Final Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This lack of growth, and in some cases, contraction of the Real GDP is a direct indicator that U. S. production is also shrinking†¦something that occurs during a recession. The nation’s cost of living is largely measured by the consumer prices index (CPI), the overall cost of the goods and services bought by a typical consumer. A rising CPI indicates that people are paying more for the things they are buying. Per the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) website, the CPI is the most widely used measure of inflation. Inflation tends to fall during time of economic hardship due to the fact that there are fewer injections of money into a struggling economy, and less money means less inflation. According to the BLS, for the 12 month period ending December 2008, the CPI rose . %, the smallest calendar increase since a . 7% decrease in 1954, indicating that money is not being loaned and â€Å"created. † When money is not being loaned or changing hands, an economy is struggling. The unemployment rate is also an indicator of our nation’s economic wellbeing, or lack thereof. Unemployment is also measured by the BLS. It is considered a lagging ind icator of the economy, meaning that the unemployment rate will not reflect a recession or economic boon until such time that the event has already started (or completed, depending on the duration of the event). This is because employers do not generally layoff workers at the first sign of an economic downturn nor do they instantly hire more workers when the economy starts to recover. BLS statistics show the unemployment rate in December 2008 to be 7. 2%, a 2. 3% rise over the 4. 9% unemployment rate in December 2007. The unemployment rate had remained relatively stable during 2006 and 2007, hovering in the 4. 5%-5. 0% range. So, this rapid rise in unemployment confirms the nation is facing serious economic problems. As discussed earlier, the GDP and CPI indicate that our economy has been in a recession since December 2007. And upon closer study, the 2008 monthly unemployment rates do not start to steeply incline above the 5% threshold until May 2008, a few months after the start of the recession. This is consistent with unemployment being a lagging indicator of the economy. The Federal Reserve uses Open Market Operations, the purchase and sale of U. S. government bonds, to affect the Federal Funds Interest Rate. The current Fed Funds Rate, the rate at which banks can make short-term loans (typically overnight) to each other, has been cut to . 25%. This is the lowest since the Fed started publishing the funds target in 1990. To get the rate this low, the Fed’s bond traders buy government bonds, thus increasing the money supply and the aggregate demand of goods and services. This is supposed to encourage individuals and companies to borrow and spend. As Dr. Gregory Mankiw describes in his New York Times article, â€Å"What Would Keynes Have Done,† low interest rates also â€Å"bolster equity values and, by encouraging international capital to look elsewhere, reduce the value of the dollar in foreign markets. As a result, low interest rates increase spending on consumption and investments, in addition to increasing our nation’s net exports. (It should be noted that it will be very difficult to greatly increase exports presently because the world economy is struggling, not just ours. ) All of these things help strengthen the economy. If at some point in the future, it becomes prudent to raise the interest rat e, the Fed’s bond traders would then have to sell the government bonds, thus decreasing the money supply in the market and lowering the aggregate demand. With the U. S. economy currently in a recession, I do not recommend raising the interest rates in the short-term future. The good news is that reducing the Fed Funds Rate to historic lows has helped prevent the U. S. from slipping into a depression by allowing banks to continue to lend money to each other and keeping the nation’s money supply somewhat liquid. However, it appears that simply lowering the interest rate will not be the only cure for our economy. We have almost reached the point where the Fed Funds rates cannot fall any lower. The Fed and the U. S. government will have to take other measures to help pull us from this economic slide. Other options that have been used and need to continue to be considered: a)Putting hundreds of billions of dollars of new reserves into the private sector – As described by Robert Lucas in his 12/23/08 article â€Å"Bernanke is the Best Stimulus Right Now† from The Wall Street Journal, doing this gives investors relatively safe and liquid securities to buy for those who want to flee from the non-government issued and/or insured securities. Without these safer options provided by the Fed, when investors sold their current securities, they would most likely choose to save their money as cash, thus reducing spending and furthering the recession. b)Target long term interest rates – By staying committed to keeping interest low for a substantial period of time, the Fed can make banks feel more comfortable with lending to each other, thus keeping more liquid money in the market. c)The U. S. government can help stimulate the economy by choosing to finance substantial non-wasteful improvements to the nation’s infrastructure. By pumping dollars into the economy through government funded project, Washington creates jobs and in theory will stimulate spending by companies and individuals, thus helping the economy to recover. The catches are not to be wasteful with the spending during the recession and then to be fiscally responsible and cut back on government spending once the economy has recovered. Taking the actions described above will hopefully lessen the severity and duration of this current recession.

Tribal Lands and Their Resources essays

Tribal Lands and Their Resources essays Many of the Native American tribal lands in the United States own a wealth of natural resources, but most tribes have always faced pressure to give up their lands, and in many cases, their lands were simply stripped from them without thought or compensation. In the nineteenth century, tribes were simply herded onto reservations, as this writer noted. In the nineteenth century, Americans looked out upon the vast West and its abundant natural resources and saw the possibility of great wealth and opportunity. One obstacle presented itself to national aspirations: the Indian tribes. [] Federal Indian policy was characterized by one primary goal: pushing aside Indian tribes to facilitate the exploitation of the West's bountiful natural resources" Many tribes never had the opportunity to gain any kind of financial aid from the natural resources they had taken for granted for hundreds of years, but were suddenly in great demand by a growing nation, and today, some of those tribes are fighting back with lawsuits and reclamation In Idaho, the Coeur d'Alene Tribe's ancient tribal lands were overrun with silver mines in the nineteenth century, and when the mines played out, all that remained was the environmental damage, as this writer notes. "Over a one-hundred year period, the mining industry in northern Idaho's Silver Valley wiped out most natural life in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin by dumping seventy-two million tons of mining waste into the Coeur d'Alene watershed (Althouse, 2001, p. 721). In 1991, the tribe began their own restoration project, and also filed a lawsuit against several mining companies which resulted in the largest ever natural resource damage suit in U.S. history. The Coeur d'Alene are also fighting about who controls the waters and the water quality of Lake C ...

How to Tour the Nevada Nuclear Test Site

How to Tour the Nevada Nuclear Test Site The Nevada Test Site is the location where the United States conducted atomic testing. Did you know you can visit the Nevada Test Site, formerly called the Nevada Proving Grounds and now known as the Nevada National Security Site? Here is how to take the tour. Get on the List The Nevada Test Site is located about 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada on US-95, but you cant just drive up to the facility and look around! Public tours are conducted only four times a year, with specific dates determined a few months in advance. The size of the tour group is limited, so there is a waiting list. If you want to take the tour, the first step is to call the Office of Public Affairs to get your name on the waiting list for the tour. In order to get accepted for the tour, you must be at least 14 years old (accompanied by an adult if you are under 18). When you make a reservation, you need to supply the following information: Full nameDate of birthPlace of birthSocial Security number Keep in mind the tour date may change if the weather isnt cooperative, so its good to build a little flexibility into your schedule. What to Expect Once you register for a tour, youll get an email confirmation of your reservation. A couple of weeks before the visit, youll get a packet in the mail that includes an itinerary for the trip. The tour is free.Radiation badges are no longer used. In order to get badged for security, you will need to present a drivers license or valid passport (foreign nationals) upon arrival.Expect a full day of activities. Visitors meet in Las Vegas to board a tour bus at 7 am, returning to Las Vegas at 4:30 pm.Youll need to pack a lunch.Dress appropriately. Wear comfortable, sturdy shoes. You will not be allowed to take the tour if you are wearing shorts, a skirt, or sandals! Las Vegas is (very) hot in the summer and (very) cold in the winter, with temperatures ranging anywhere in between the extremes. Consider the season when packing for the trip.You cannot bring in any recording devices or electronics of any kind. Do not bring a cell phone, camera, binocular, recorder, etc. Mandatory checks are conducted. If you are caught with a recording device, youll get thrown out and the whole tour group will be returned to Las Vegas.No firearms are permitted.

The Hazardous Storm of Hurricane Katrina Article

The Hazardous Storm of Hurricane Katrina - Article Example Hurricane Katrina was the costliest as well as single of the five deadliest storms in the past of the United States. It was the sixth strongest Atlantic storm ever documentation and the third-strongest hurricane on evidence that through land descend in the United States. Katrina shaped on August 23 through the 2005 Atlantic hurricane period as well as caused destruction along a large amount of the north-central Gulf Coast. The mainly severe failure of life and assets damage come about in New Orleans which inundated as the levee system calamitously failed in numerous cases hours subsequent to the storm had stimulated inland. The storm causes ruthless harm across the intact Mississippi coast as well as into Alabama, in fact, the storm is probably to have been accountable for $81.2 billion in scratch making it the costliest to be a probable tragedy in U.S. history. The disastrous collapse of the deluge fortification in New Orleans provoked instantaneous assessment of the Army Corps of E ngineers which has by congressional mandate sole responsibility for design and construction of the flood protection. There was also widespread criticism of the federal situation as well as local administration retort to the hurricane which resulted in exploration by the U.S. Congress and the acceptance of Federal Emergency Management Agency manager Michael D. Brown. On the other hand, the National Hurricane Center along with National Weather Service was extensively commended for precise forecasts moreover abundant lead point (Wikipedia, 2008). In Addition, Media descriptions of impoverished flood sufferers in New Orleans in the happening of Hurricane Katrina produced the impression and thought of an indifferent federal government. An opponent, as expected, took endeavor at the mayor, the Louisiana governor, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the President. Some also disapproved of the department of protection seeing that if it had unsuccessful to provide the speedy, sudden and enormous compassionate reprieve which the American citizens had drawn  closer to expect after an ordinary tragedy.

External Analysis on Noble Energy INC Case Study

External Analysis on Noble Energy INC - Case Study Example An organization is directly impacted by the occurrences of the external environment in which the organization functions. Moreover, the external environment provides the impetus and paradigm that shapes the function of a company. A number of reports and observation of the eminent scholars reflected that organization having the ability to adjust itself to the exterior environment, essentially survives in the marketplace. On the contrary, companies that fail to match up with the external requirements get eliminated from the competition and the industry. Therefore, from the above discussion it is obvious that a company should carry out in-depth analysis of the external business environment to enhance the chances of prospering. Proper analysis will not only help in better understanding and formulating appropriate strategies, but will also ensure improved productivity and better performance of the company (Williams and Cutis 4-8). This study will analyze the external business environment o f Noble Energy INC, which is a US based company involved in manufacturing and distribution of petroleum and natural gas. The external analysis of the company will encompass an overview of the general environment. Demographic segment, economic segment, political/legal segment, socio-cultural segment, technological segment as well as the global segment will be highlighted. In addition to the analysis of the external business environment, the study will also shed light on the industry driving forces. The next half of the study will carry out the activities mentioned above. However, before getting further deep into the study, a brief overview of the company is presented below: - Noble Energy INC: A Brief Overview Noble Energy, Inc. also known as Noble Affiliates Inc. is a Houston based oil and natural gas production and exploration Company. The company was founded in the year 1932 and is currently headquartered in Houston, Texas, United States. During the year 1985, the Noble Affiliates spun off the subsidiary Noble Drilling Corporation to the shareholders. This company in turn went public in the early 1990s. From then Noble Energy, Inc. became one of the major brands of as Noble Affiliates and customers started to recognize this company in the name of Noble Energy Inc. It is now an S&P 500 company of the world. During this span of 80 years in the market, the company has been able to achieve colossal success and added several feathers to its cap. Noble Energy is also the first company to have explored the Gulf of Mexico for the purpose of oil exploration. Moreover, it enjoyed so much power during a phase that it helped in shaping the industry as well as shaped its own future. Charles D. Davidson is the current chairman of the company and also acts as the CEO and president of the firm. As per the views of the stakeholders and customers, the company is best known for the proficiency in exploration, flexibility, innovation and technical expertise. Furthermore, the st rong financial platform and a well balanced portfolio offer prospering opportunities across the commodity price and economic cycles. Apart from USA, the company operates in several other parts of the world as well. For example, in South America it operates in Nicaragua and Argentina; in Africa, it functions in Cameroon and

Romantic Imagination Essay Example for Free

Romantic Imagination Essay â€Å"The Creation of Adam† painted by Michelangelo in 1510, is one of the most beautiful and famous painting representing the Creation. It was painted on the ceiling of the Papal Sistine Chapel and is a masterpiece of High Renaissance art. It is a part of a larger scheme of decoration within the chapel, including various elements like a large fresco of The Last Judgement. Michelangelo demonstrated his skill in creating a huge variety of poses for the human figure, providing an influential pattern for other artists ever since. So at the time, it was not conventional. The technique employed was fresco. The colours are beautiful. It represents a metaphor of Humankind’s need for a covenant (accordo, convenzione) with God. Elohim creating Adam by William Blake is a colour print finished in pen and watercolour. It represents God creating the first human being. God is a supernatural being with wings, white hair and beard. He is bigger and stronger than him and very powerful. Adam, instead, seems a very weak and suffering creature. He is stretched on the ground. In the picture there is also a great worm that entwines Adam and symbolizes the world of pain and sorrow, the devils temptations and also the fact that the human being is linked to sin and corruption. Blake uses cold colours, dull, dismal and gloomy. The atmosphere is very sad. The shapes of the protagonists are distinct and sharp. All these things suggest the tension of the creation and also the energy of God. For Blake the creation is a suffering moment for the creature, a moment of tension, because the author has a pessimistic view of life. Adam is innocent, weak and destined to sin.

Colombia Essay -- South America

Colombia Colombia, republic in South America, situated in the northwestern part of the continent, and bounded on the north by Panama and the Caribbean Sea, on the east by Venezuela and Brazil, on the south by Peru and Ecuador, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia is the only country of South America with coasts on both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The total land area of the country is 1,141,748 sq km (440,831 sq mi). The capital and largest city is Bogotà ¡. IILAND AND RESOURCES The distinguishing topographical feature of Colombia is the Andes mountain chain, situated in the central and western parts of the country, and extending north-south across almost its entire length. The Andes comprise three principal and parallel ranges: the Cordillera Oriental, the Cordillera Central, and the Cordillera Occidental. On the Caribbean coast is the isolated mountain mass known as the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, which includes Colombia's highest point at Pico Cristà ³bal Colà ³n (5776 m/18,950 ft). The Cordillera Central contains the volcanic peaks of Huila (5750 m/ 18,865 ft) and Tolima (5616 m/ 18,425 ft). About 240 km (about 150 mi) south of the Caribbean, the Cordillera Central descends to marshy jungle. The cordillera peaks are perpetually covered with snow; the timberline in these mountains lies at about 3000 m (about 10,000 ft). East of the Cordillera Oriental are vast reaches of torrid lowlands, thinly populated and only partly explored. The southern portion of this region, called selvas (rain forests), is thickly forested and is drained by the Caquetà ¡ River and other tributaries of the Amazon River. The northern and greater part of the region comprises vast plains, or llanos, and is traversed by the Meta and other tributaries of the Orinoco River. Between the cordilleras are high plateaus, a number of which are about 2400 m (about 8000 ft) above sea level, and fertile valleys, traversed by the principal rivers of the country. The principal river of Colombia, the Magdalena, flows north between the Cordillera Oriental and the Cordillera Central, across practically the entire country, emptying into the Caribbean near Barranquilla after a course of about 1540 km (about 960 mi). The Cauca, also an important means of communication, flows north between the Cordillera Central and the Cordillera Occidental, merg ing with the Magdalena about 320... ...mber and December anti-guerilla vigilante groups killed 73 people suspected of being guerilla sympathizers. During 1997 guerillas sporadically attacked remote government outposts. They launched a campaign of violence and intimidation in October aimed at preventing voters from participating in municipal and regional elections. Paramilitary squads launched a counter-campaign of violence, raiding a number of villages and executing individuals suspected of supporting guerilla activities. In March 1998 FARC forces ambushed elite government troops in a remote southern jungle region, killing about 70 soldiers in the worst government defeat in the 35 years since guerilla hostilities began. Government sources estimated that more than 41,000 Colombians-mostly poor farmers-fled their homes to escape the growing violence between guerillas and paramilitary units. The government and Colombia's second largest rebel group, the National Liberation Army (ELN) agreed in early 1998 to open peace negotiations. However, the future of negotiations remained questionable following the death in February of 62-year-old ELN leader Manuel Perez, a former priest who had led the rebel group for 25 years.

Why we shouldn’t support Walmart

Main Idea: The super giant retailer WalMart has a negative impact upon many aspects of society, both local and worldwide, and as a result the American people should not support WalMart. Introduction: Class: How many people shop at Walmart? (just want to get an idea) Walmart is extremely popular nowadays. They have a diverse group of customers. the retail giant features 180,000 square foot super centers that sell everything from tires to groceries. You can buy practically anything from walmart. â€Å"Always Low Prices† or â€Å"Save money and live better†, are a few of their advertising slogans. in reality though Walmart's pledge should be â€Å"Always Low Prices, Always Low Wages, Always Low Morals, and Always Low Ethics!†. Walmart is a mammoth corp that hauls off a stunning $220 Billion a year from its customers, resulting in a net profit of over 7 billion dollars a year for the company . The famous blue vests of associates and low prices are not only common symbols in the United States, but also in nine foreign countries around the world. tonight we're going to learn how Walmart forces small businesses out of business, sends jobs overseas to countries like China while abusing human rights, pay its associates poverty level wages and lastly i want to point out why we Americans should not support walmart. So first, let's talk about how walmart forces small businesses out of business. I. Walmart Forces Small Businesses Out Of Business. A. According to the LA Times, Shan Li quoted † When Walmart builds a store in town, it wipes out the economy of the town and forces small businesses out of buisness†. 1.The reason so many small businesses in the towns are negatively affected is that walmart has the freedom that most of these small businesses don't have, the freedom to buy items super cheap. 2. over and over again, when walmarts opens one of its stores in a city or town, within a short amount of time, two years or less, dozens of other businesses close their doors. a. A study conducted by Loyola University Chicago found that when a Walmart opens in a new market, median sales drop 40% at similar high-volume stores, 17% at supermarkets and 6% at drugstores. b. the State of Iowa for example, during a ten year period from 1983 to 1993, which was one of the first states Walmart expanded into during that time frame, they indirectly caused the closing of 555 grocery stores or supermarkets, 290 building supply stores, and roughly 250 clothing stores. c. Just imagine the impact if you multiply these types of number times the 30 some states walmart has now expanded into. now that we have learned how walmart pushes mom and paps shops out lets take a look at how walmart sends jobs, overseas. II. Sends Jobs Overseas A. Not only does walmart import 1.5 billion dollars worth of goods from china every year, but they also put an extreme amount of pressure on their suppliers to lower the cost of their goods, therefore driving those suppliers offshore in their efforts to lower the cost of production. 1. Many of these jobs are sent to China where the workers work for a fraction of what American workers' wages are. 2. Shockingly, according to the ________ it is estimated that, â€Å"Walmart out-sources as much as $4 billion dollars worth of goods a week overseas. B. When jobs are sent to countries like China, Walmart abuses their Human Rights. 1. As if it isn't bad enough that walmart is sending millions of american jobs overseas, but according to Charlie Kern of the National Labor Committee, â€Å"in country after country, factories that produce for walmart are the worst† in terms of human right abuses. He goes on to say that † walmart is acutally lowering the standards in China by slashing wages and imposing long madatory overtime shifts. a. to illustrate this problem according to an article by Jim Hightower calling for the boycott of Walmart, â€Å"although china's minimum wage is 31 cents an hour, the workers who work in factories making things for walmart average just 13 cents an hour, that's more than half the pay cut. b. these workers are literally sickened by their jobs where there is no health and safety enforcement. 1. workers have headaches and nausea from the paint and dust in the air, and the temp tops 100 degrees for workers in the factories during summer. lastly i want to mention how walmart pays its associates poverty level wages. III. Low level wages for employees A. In the US, the average full time walmart associate makes an annual wage of $14,000 which is considered below peverty level. B. At this level of income, most of walmart employees can't even afford to shop at walmart. C. Now that you know why walmart has such a negative impact on our society, i want to tell you what we must do to solve this problem. IV. Americans should not support walmart. A. Concerned Americans, like you and me, should flex our muscles and all together boycott walmart whenever possible. B. we should purchase items we need from other sources. C. If there is another business in town, especially a locally owned business, purchase what you need from that business. D. Lastly, i would like each of you to spread the word about the evil-empire of walmart. 1. Tell your neighbors, friends, and family members about walmart's negative impact on society and ask them to join you not to support walmart. 2. if we all work together, the American people can bring walmart to its knees, just as it has done to thousands of businesses. Conclusion Walmart is a predator of the worst kind, the kind that destroys lives and cities for money. Today i hope each of you now know why walmart is bad for America, and other countries as well, also why you should not support walmart. Next time you need some paper towels or a bag of chips, wont you please go to your neighborhood grocery store or another retailer to purchase those things? you wont miss the extra couple of cents you might save especially when you know the expense those few cents might cost someone else.

Girls Education Essay

It is one the basic necessities to be educated for human, as world is full of competition, where one needs certain amount of skills to survive and be a threat to others. Education gives an insight to the person to differentiate between good and bad. Both men and women are part of our society so we need education for the females as well as for the males. In India despite of all the plans measures, initiatives and tall claims by the government and various voluntary organizations, a vast majority of the girls are yet illiterate in India. During the last four decades since independence, many schools and colleges are founded for girls. Education of girls is one of the basic features of the government plans. The female education is important for the society as mothers are the first teachers of the children. They are the first teachers of the future citizens of the country. It is being increasingly recognized that educated wives and mothers are an asset to a nation. Educated girls are working in banks, private firms, hospitals and government offices and supporting their families as well as contributing to the development of the country. Educated girls have an honored position in society. They have secured their rights from the reluctant men but all this is confined chiefly to the urban areas. Indians are conservative by nature. So, their blind faith and age old superstition stood against the female education. In rural areas most of the people are still against girls’ education. So much needs to be done yet. Special legislation should be enacted to deal with parents who neglect the education of their daughters. There are many villages where schools for girls do not exist. Every village must have a girl’ schools, or if that is not possible owing to lack of funds, parents should be persuaded to admit their daughters to the schools providing co-education. In recent years situation has improved considerably. People have felt the virtue of female education. Now in India we find women professors, lady doctors, lady scientists, lady politicians and lady ministers. Girls should be educated in the interest of our national progress. India is now optimistic in the field of female education. We had the female philosophers like Gargi, in the Vedic age. We had Mirabai, Ahalyabi and Laxmibai in the days of history. They were all learned. Hence, we had a great tradition during the days of our degeneration. Now, we have revived. So, we will certainly revive the female education in India.

A Summary Essays

A Summary Essays A Summary Essay A Summary Essay Have many people been engrossed in thoughts that the way the essay is written and delivered influences that fact whether the author will be able to persuade people or not? Moreover, the argument the author presents in the work is one of the most important factors that defines the popularity of his/her approach among people concerned. The article by Amartya sen â€Å"A World Not Neatly Divided† is one of the best examples of the good organisation of the argument. The main statement that Amartya Sen makes in this article is as following: when trying to gain insight into various conflicts that take place nowadays and that occurred in the past, many scientists and politicians support the â€Å"civilization approach† (Sen 1). In other words, people are considered only from the religious point of view (Sen 1). For instance, individuals are divided into â€Å"the Western† and â€Å"Islamic† words (Sen 1). However, Amartya Sen proceeds that as in every country there are representatives of other nationalities, it is impossible to generalise all people only to one category, for instance, Muslims (1). Additionally, another supporting information is that in every nation there are people who are atheists or support the religious beliefs of another religious group that can be not so big as the main one; however, it is also of great importance for realizing the country and people on the whole (Sen 1). In summary, Sen states that as every person has his/her own traits of character, persuasions, beliefs, and personal history, it is not reasonable to explain peoples actions only from the point of view of civilizations (2). Disseminating such approach among people, such persons increase the probability of wars (Sen 2). Except argumentative essays, there are is also a great deal of other essays that are used in different fields for various purposes, including comparison, critical, contrast, exploratory, narrative, and other essays. Argumentative essays are interesting because in order to persuade people to take a specific stand, it is vital to state as many arguments as it is possible; otherwise almost nobody will believe you. Further, so as to prepare a good argumentative essay, it is critical to learn the subject raised in the essay very deeply. As a result, before publishing such a work, the author makes a thorough analysis.

French Expressions Using Casser

French Expressions Using Casser The French verb casser literally means to break and is also used in many idiomatic expressions. The verb is used to talk about breaking someone, boring someone stiff, warning someone, making an omelet by breaking eggs, and more. Possible Meanings of casser to breakto crack (a nut)to snap (a branch)to spoil the flavor (of wine)to demoteto annulto lower (prices)(familiar) to kill (esp. if motivated by prejudice) Expressions with casser crier casse-cou quelquunto warn someone casser du sucre sur le dos de quelquunto talk about someone behind his back casser la baraque (informal)to bring the house down casser la baraque quelquun (informal)to screw everything up for someone casser la croà »te (informal)to have a bite to eat casser la figure quelquun (informal)to smash someones face in casser la graine (informal)to have a bite to eat casser la gueule quelquun (familiar)to smash someones face in casser le morceau (familiar)to spill the beans, come clean to give the game away casser les oreilles quelquun (informal)to deafen someone casser les pieds quelquun (informal)to bore someone stiff, get on someones nerves casser les reins quelquunto ruin, break someone casser la tà ªte quelquunto deafen someone, to bore someone stiff casser sa pipe (informal)to kick the bucket, snuff it tout casserstupendous, fantastic; at the most Ça / Il ne casse pas des briques (informal) Thats no great shakes. Ça / Il ne casse pas trois pattes un canard (informal)It / He is nothing special, nothing to get excited about Ça / Il ne casse rien.It / He is nothing special, nothing to get excited about Casse-toi  ! (familiar)Get the hell out of here! Il ne sest pas cassà © le cul (slang)He didnt bust his butt. Il ne sest pas cassà © la tà ªte (informal)He didnt overtax himself, put any effort into it. Il ne sest pas cassà © le tronc / la nà ©nette (familiar)He didnt do much, try very hard. Il nous les casse  ! (familiar)Hes a pain in the neck! Tu me casses les bonbons  ! (familiar)Youre a pain in the neck! un/e casse-cou (informal)daredevil, reckless person un/e casse-couilles (slang)pain in the butt un casse-croà »tesnack casse-cul (slang adj)bloody/damn annoying un casse-dalle (familiar)snack un casse-graine (informal)snack casse-gueule (fam adj)dangerous, treacherous un casse-noisettes/noixnutcracker(s) un casse-pattes (informal)slog, difficult climb un casse-pieds (informal)pain in the neck, nuisance, bore le casse-pipes (informal)the front un casse-tà ªteclub, brain-teaser, puzzle un casse-vitessespeed bump, sleeping policeman se casser (familiar)to split, take off   se casser pour infinitive (informal)to strain oneself to do something, to work at something   se casser le couto fall flat on ones face, go bankrupt se casser la figure (informal)to fall flat on ones face, go bankrupt se casser la figure contre (informal)to crash into se casser la jambe/le brasto break ones arm/leg se casser netto break clean off / through se casser le nezto find no one in, to fail se casser la tà ªte sur (inf)to wrack ones brains about Proverbs with casser Il faut casser le noyau pour avoir lamande.No pain no gain. On ne fait pas domelette sans casser des Å“ufs.You cant make an omelette without breaking eggs. Qui casse les verres les paie.As you make your bed, so you must lie on it. You pay for your mistakes.

Adult Education Theory and Practice at the College Level Assignment

Adult Education Theory and Practice at the College Level - Assignment Example The rationale for these stereotypes is fully embedded. Nevertheless, to the extent that they have a major justification, it appears to fall roughly along the subsequent assumptions: adult learners do not have up to date formal education; as a result, they may lack the necessary study or learning skills. Consequently, they will have a tendency to use less useful techniques of learning in college. In addition, they may show heightened learning difficulties and deficits as an outcome of age-specific weaknesses in intellectual capacities. This paper aims to challenge all of these stereotypes about adult learners and come up with an appropriate approach to adult education at the college level. Adult Development: Cognitive and Intellectual Factors It is possible to develop a unifying model of intelligence that takes into consideration the factors of traditional process, but a broader range of cognitive factors, alongside areas of interest and personality. The below diagram illustrates one paradigm, referred to as PPIK- for ‘intelligence-as-process, personality, interest, and intelligence-as-knowledge’ (Smith & Pourchot, 1998, 151). According to Ackerman (1996), this paradigm merges these four roots of individual-differences variation to produce individual differences in stages of work-related and academic knowledge. This paradigm not merely describes a transition from process to knowledge, but describes as well the possible interconnection between knowledge acquisition and interests and personality. Figure 1. Ackerman’s PPIK diagram (Smith & Pourchot, 1998, 152) For adults, however, this paradigm presents a way for connecting traditional intelligence measures with correct intellectual skills and knowledge measures. Specifically, even though measures of traditional intelligence may somewhat explain adult learning, an appropriate evaluation of adult knowledge necessitates evaluation of adult intellect (Rubenson, 2011). Several knowledge components c an be sufficiently assessed using current rankings of occupational competence and college-level proficiency, yet these rankings only start to recognize adult intelligence (Ackerman, 1996). Nevertheless, by employing an integrated assessment method that allows for traditionally evaluated interests, personality, and intellect, a more inclusive assessment of adult intelligence could be achievable. Furthermore, one can also integrate features of motivational abilities into the developmental paradigm (Merriam, Caffarella, & Baumgartner, 2007) since they affect the relationship between knowledge acquisition and interest. There are three particular uses of intellectual evaluation for the purposes of adult education, that is, selection, categorization, and teaching. The PPIK model proposes a number of capable uses all over these three application domains. Selection. The PPIK model of adult intelligence, to begin with, indicates that assessment of adult academic achievement will be enhanced when evaluations are performed on individual differences in important knowledge components, instead of the conventional college admission tests. Because of knowledge acquisition’s developmental evolution, according to Smith and Pourchot (1998), older adults may be predicted to score higher than younger adults on intelligence exams, an outcome that is in agreement with the findings that older adults are predisposed to achieve higher in postsecondary classes than younger adults with the same scores on usual college admission exams, like the American College Testing (ACT). Categorization. The mission of locating the most favorable area of interest for adults going back to school

Walmart joint venture with Big C Thailand Essay

Walmart joint venture with Big C Thailand - Essay Example These evidences are gathered with the help of strategic tools such as PESTLE analysis of Thailand which would be helpful in providing an inside into the fundamental human resources requirement and the potential candidates from within Thailand to fill the new job places. The human resource practices of Wal-Mart will also be evaluated with respect to the impact of the business environment on the global horizon. To support the evidences presented in the report, the author will provide theoretical background pertaining to international human resource management and see if Wal-Mart’s human resource function are in accordance with the international standards or are there any changes required in the strategic human resource management of the retail giant. The author would conclude this report by demonstrating the skill set and personality traits. These traits are required to achieve organizational goals and objectives successfully. It is possible with the help of strengthening the re lationship with the colleagues. International Human Resource Strategy Overview of Thai Retail Sector The net worth of Thai retail sector stands at Baht 1.4 trillion as of 2011 and is considered an important pillar of country’s economy. The sector reported a sector growth of 5% by the end of 2011 with the Retail Sale Index of 186.5 for the same period. Due to the economic reforms introduced by the government in post-political crisis scenario has helped the sector gain strength, the major contributor being the export sector within the retail industry (Thailand Retail, Food & Hospitality Services, 2011). PESTEL Analysis of Thailand Political Environment After the political crisis stretching from 2008 to 2011, Thailand is on the road to recovery and brings stability in its infrastructure to invite tourists to the country, which has always remained the focal industry of Thailand, and open new doors for business. The positive political outlook and the development of infrastructure along with the security provided to the individuals (Henry, 2008), Thailand is considered as shoppers’ heaven and both nationals and foreigners spend enormous amounts on the purchase of items available at retail stores. Economic Environment Majority of Thailand’s economy depends upon the gross domestic product of the manufacturing sector which accounts for about two third of Thailand’s exports. Whereas, exports are the area which generates most of revenue for Thailand’s government and the country is considered as one of the biggest exporters of manufactured goods in the world. The reforms introduced by the New Government in Thailand have helped the economy to stabilize. Since coming out of the recent political disturbance, Thailand has invested $ 57 billion on the development of infrastructure for local and international businesses (Naranlala School of Industrial Management and Computer Science, 2013; Trueba, Esteban, 2011). Society/Culture of Thailand Ye ars of political and economic crisis within the country had produced the urge to achieve national goals and objectives amongst the Thai society. For this reason, Thai businessmen and working class is considered as hard workers so that they can achieve what they want. Merit regarded as being essential for qualifying for fields in the life. Huge number of foreigners, some of them residing within the country and the majority of them coming into Thailand as tourists, has

Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Design - Essay Example ; the contribution of the research to the field and to the society; the value of the research to the researcher; and how the research will be perceived. In carrying out the design project, design methods have been sought that can be relevant throughout the design process. This implies gathering the necessary design literatures. When it comes to online search for design literatures, the key word for the search will be ‘design method’ even though this is expected to generate general results, some not related with the design subject being handled. Both secondary and primary sources will be used in the process so as to develop a concrete project that fully satisfies the vision and mission of the project. Given the magnitude of the project, stakeholder involvement in the setting the mission and vision is very critical (Clarke, 2008). As such, a meeting with key stakeholders will be necessary. Additionally, a diverse team will be assembled which will be instrumental in implementing the vision and mission of the project. Further, scenarios of user experience will be explored; the target group defined in terms of gender, age an d income range, where they live, their culture and their general preferences. Even as the project will be ongoing, more literatures will be assessed to further enhance creativity and expand the scope of ideas in terms of design. Given the nature of the project, strategic thinking will be of critical importance in ensuring that critical business assumptions are not missed (Gordon et al., 1998). It will also enable better conception of ways of managing the project. Establishing a strategic story would add value to the project and create a measure of uniqueness that will distinguish the project from the rest. Reading the book â€Å"The Business Model Canvas†, some vital questions regarding the personal project have emerged. Using the building blocks mentioned above, systematic strategic plan that is highly likely to result in the successful

Postcolonial Criticism Has Embraced Cultural Studies Essay

Postcolonial Criticism Has Embraced Cultural Studies Essay After the end of World War II, there occurred a large-scale process of decolonization of the territories subjugated by most of the imperial powers (Britain, France, the Netherlands, Belgium). Postcolonial literature and criticism arose both during and after the struggles of many nations in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and elsewhere for independence from colonial rule. The 1950s and 1960s saw the publication of seminal texts of postcolonialism: Aimà © Cà ©saires Discours sur le colonialisme, and Frantz Fanons Black Skin, White Masks. In 1958, Chinua Achebe published his novel Things Fall Apart. George Lammings The Pleasures of Exile appeared in 1960 and Fanons The Wretched of the Earth followed in 1961. In his book Postclonialism: A Very Short Introduction, Robert Young regarded that the founding moment of postcolonial theory was the journal the Tricontinental, which initiated the first global alliance of the peoples of the three continents against imperialism (Young 16-17). E. ii. Main aims of the theory Postcolonial criticism has embraced a number of aims: most fundamentally, to re-examine the history of colonialism from the perspective of the colonized; to determine the economic, political, and cultural impact of colonialism on both the colonized peoples and the colonizing powers; to analyze the process of decolonization; and above all, the contestation of forms of hegemony, and the articulation of political and cultural identities (Young, White Mythologies, 11). Early voices of anti-imperialism stressed the need to develop or return to indigenous literary traditions so as to restore their cultural heritage eclipsed by the imperial domination  [1]  . Other prominent voices, such as Said and Spivak, have advocated a deconstructive critique of Western discursive formation of knowledge in order to attain their own political and Acultural ends. However, recent voices, led by Homi Bhabha, have embraced the notion of hybridity as a space of cultural articulation and negotiation. E. iii. Scope and projects The scope of postcolonial discourse extends over the domains of gender, race, ethnicity, and class. Indeed, it might be an oversimplification to treat either the colonizer or the colonized as homogeneous entities, which can somehow be mutually opposed. Such a rigid division undermines the fact that both class exploitation and gender oppression function in both the West and in colonized nations (Young 8-9). Hence, postcolonial discourse has been associated with ethnic studies of various minorities in Western societies such as African-American, Native American, Latin American, and womens studies. All of these discourses have challenged the main streams of Western philosophy, literature, and ideology. In this respect, it has become a common project to question and revaluate the literary and cultural canon in Western institutions. The 1960s saw left-wing uprisings against the elements of liberal humanism: Western democracy, the Enlightenment rationalism, objectivity, and individual auton omy. This reaction against the Western mainstream tradition was fostered largely by the emergence of French literary theory, which insisted that the text was an indirect expression and often a justification of the prevailing power structure. This structure was inevitably a hierarchy in which the voices of minorities, women, and the working classes were suppressed. In fact, the appeal to timeless truths in the Western literature, which is presumably claimed as universal in its scope and purpose, has always transcended historical, economic, and political contexts. Such claim reveals the extent to which Eurocentric representations of the Self, resting on the Enlightenment project of rationality, progress, civilization, and moral agency, were constructed on a binary opposition to various forms of Otherness, which are founded on polarized images such as superstition, backwardness, barbarism, and moral incapacity. E. iv. Recent developments in the postcolonial theory Saids landmark work Orientalism appeared in 1978. More recent works include The Empire Writes Back (1989) by Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin and Gayatri Spivaks The Post-Colonial Critic (1990), as well as work by Abdul JanMohamed, Benita Parry and most importantly Homi Bhabhas The Location of Culture (1994). In his book White Mythologies, Robert Young sees postcolonialism as continuing to derive its inspiration from the anti-colonial struggles of the colonial era. Anti-colonialism had many of the characteristics commonly associated with postcolonialism such as diaspora, transnational migration and transcultural identities. Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin also use the term postcolonialism in a comprehensive sense to cover all the history impacted by imperialism from the moment of colonization to the present day, which is a form of continuity between the colonial and postcolonial periods. Most of the exponents of postcolonialism have regarded the trio: Said, Spivak and Bhabha, as the most influential theorists of what has become known as postcolonialism  [2]  . Their works have largely been at the center of various contemporary postcolonial debates. Saids Orientalism is generally regarded as having inaugurated the field of explicitly postcolonial criticism in the West. He argues that the Western representation of the Orient was produced by the imaginative geography of Western scholarship and has been instrumental in the colonization and domination of non-Western societies. Postcolonial theory reverses the historical center/margin direction of cultural studies. Critiques of the metropolis and capital now emanate from the former colonies. Moreover, Homi K. Bhabha has questioned the binary thought that produces the dichotomies-center/margin, white/black, and colonizer/colonized-by which colonial practices are justified. The work of Gayatri C. Spivak has focused atten tion on the question of who speaks for the colonial Other and the relation of the ownership of discourse and representation to the development of the postcolonial subjectivity. Nowadays, postcolonialism offers a fundamental critique of the ideology of colonial domination and at the same time seeks to subvert the essentialist thought that produced conceptual as well as economic divides between West and East, civilized and uncivilized, First and Third Worlds. In this respect, postcolonial theory has brought fresh perspectives to the role of colonized peoples- their wealth, labor, and culture- in the development of modern European nation states. While postcolonial criticism emerged in the historical moment following the collapse of the modern colonial empires, the increasing globalization of culture, including the imperialism of multinational capitalism, suggests a continued relevance for this field of study. E. v. Delimitation of postcolonial theory Postcolonial theory, as any other theoretical approach, has conceptual boundaries and limitations. Although it offers a theoretical approach that highlights the importance of examining the present colonial legacies, most of the early literature in postcolonial theory has emerged from the decolonized world of the twentieth century that theorizes mostly from the British imperial discourse. Thus, for the most part, it has not only overlooked the (post)colonial texts written in native languages, but also created a kind of postcolonial canon that has so far reinforced and maintained the supremacy of the colonizers language that has served as a tool for colonialism and imperialism. According to Wail Hassan and Rebecca Saunders, Anglophone postcolonial studies have sustained British literature as a frame of reference (18). Therefore, only Commonwealth Anglophone writers are introduced to English departments, while writers who write in their native languages are neglected. As a result, Anglo phone postcolonial literature is a highly selective field [] [that consolidates] the argument that Anglophone postcolonialism has become a mimic canon that functions effectively to reinforce neocolonial hegemony (Hassan and Saunders 18). Nevertheless, the use of english  [3]  as the language of expression makes the postcolonial works available to a wider audience and, thus, gives voice to ex-colonial subjects (Subaltern/Other) to speak for themselves and restitute the agency of self-representation. According to Ashcroft, through using E/english, colonized people have subverted the tropes by which they have habitually been marginalized, and, ultimately, have permanently influenced even the educational disciplines by which those tropes were perpetuated (Ashcroft, On Postcolonial Futures, 2).

Acupressure and Shiatsu :: Health Therapy Asia Papers

Acupressure and Shiatsu Massage Therapy/ Oriental methods/ Acupressure and Shiatsu The Purpose of Acupressure/ How Acupressure Works/ Claims of Acupressure/ Support of Claims/ The Purpose of Shiatsu/ How Shiatsu Works/ Claims of Shiatsu/ Support of the Claims/ Conclusion/ Tests ans Studies Massage Therapy Massage therapy is a procedure that affects all systems of the body; digestive, respiratory, lymphatic, circulatory, endocrine and the nervous system. Massage can change the blood by increasing the oxygen capacity, affect the muscles, increase the body's secretions and excretions, affect the nervous system, enhance skin condition and it affects internal organs. Massages benefit you physically, emotionally, spiritually and mentally. Examples of such benefits are stress relief, a relaxed state, quicker recovery time and a bigger sense of self awareness. Massage aids in the circulation of blood, the movement of the lymphatic fluid, the release of toxins, the release of tension, mind/body integration, reduction of stress, energy and enhancement of all bodily systems. It was found in a study of University of Miami students that " a month's worth of massages heightened brain wave activities, decreased anxiety and helped students complete math problems in half the time and with f ewer errors." ( http://www.latimes.com:80/CNS_DAYS/980831/t000079147.html) There are many different methods of massage therapy such as traditional European massages, Contemporary western massages, Structual/Movement/Functional/Integration massages, oriental methods and energetic methods. Oriental Methods " The goal of oriental medicine is to diagnose the nature of imbalance- to discern the 'pattern of disharmony', not to diagnose the name of the disease. There is a saying ' illness is goodness'. Health is balance- illness is a signal of imbalance, and of the body's action to regain that balance." (http://www.shiatsucanada.com/shiatsu/oriental.htm) Oriental methods are taken from the fundamentals of Chinese medicine which are based on flow of energy or chi through the meridians. The oriental way of thinking is the yin and yang. Therefore, the oriental view of good health is when there is a balance between the yin and the yang. The yin is cold, dark and interior while the yang is warm, light and exterior. Despite the fact that they are complete opposites, the Orientals view them as one. " They create each other, define each other, control each other and transform into each other." ( http://www.shiatsucanada.com/shiatsu/oriental.htm) Health includes one's physical, spiritual and emotional roles.

Hotel Repositioning

{draw:frame} University of Derby/Buxton Hospitality Management MA Hotel Renovation A Tool For Repositioning In the Hotel Industry Submission Date: 7th May 2009 Business Analysis and Decision Making Student: Nana Yaa Addo Module Leader: Norman Dindsdale Introduction The hospitality industry has grown phenomenally since 2001 and has been driven by both leisure and business demand (kloppers 2005). The needs of the consumer have now become dynamic rather than static. Consumers today have a strong desire for luxury in every sense of the word be it travel, goods or even a night stay in a hotel, thereby creating a competitive environment among business owners and organisations to come up with innovative ways to increase and also retain their business. Altstiel and Grow (2005 p. 28) similarly states that â€Å"people do not buy things but rather a satisfaction of their wants and needs. Therefore the hospitality industry being a service sector is not an exception as the industry must also meet challenges by formulating and implementing strategies that will meet today’s economic conditions and also satisfy customer needs. This report focuses on how hotel renovation can be used as a tool for repositioning in hotel operations. It will explore the theory behind repositioning and test the theory by looking at some case studies within the industry, it will also try to identify its challenges and successes and see how it could be undertaken in the fu ture. Main body The term repositioning has been used side by side with positioning, branding or new product development and has a wide range of definition, as a result it has no exclusive accepted definition. For example, the work of Hassien and Baum (2002p146) give the following definitions of the term which perceives a greater understanding. (Lovelock,1996;Lewis et al;1995) define the term as the changing of the existing position without referring to its implementation (Hart and Stapleton, 1987; Collin, 1989; Jefkins, 1987; Ries and Trout,1986) define it as an advertising trategy by which the company can change the image of its product and the perception of people about it. Booz, Allen and Hamilton (1982) define the term as one of the six categories of new products in terms of their newness to the company and to the marketplace, as being the process of targeting the existing products to new markets or market segment. In addition the business dictionary also defines it as changing a brands status i n comparison to that of the competing brands. Furthermore Hassien and Baum go on to say that â€Å"an in-depth review of its literature identifies that there is a general agreement in most of these definitions, that repositioning involves a change to the image of a product in the market through changing the perception of the customer†(p. 146) and finally define the term as â€Å"the marketing management process of changing, partially or totally, the perception of the public about a firm through any modification or addition to one or more of its controllable variables (eg. Customer, competition, technology, coporate, etc. ) in order to retain, expand or change its target markets†(p. 147) From the above definitions it is obvious that repositioning involves the modification of a product to make it more appealing in order to attract existing customers or new market segments The Concept Of Repositioning. Due to intensifying global competition, a constantly changing environment, current consumer trends and modern technology, repositioning like any other marketing tool adopts a strategy in order to be successful. For instance Macmillan (2000, p45) states that ‘conditions in the global business environment demands that established firms adopt entrepreneurial strategies’. Johnson and Scholes(2002 p10) have defined strategy as â€Å" the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term which achieves advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a changing environment and to fulfil stakeholder expectations. † Bowie and Butler (2004 p. 06) state the following reasons as to why a company may be forced to reposition; Falling sales (often a symptom of customer dissatisfaction) An opportunity to service an emerging market segment The threat of competing for market share. As a result Jobber in the book of Enew and Waite (2007 p. 165), identifies four basic repositioning strategies and they are listed as follows Image repositioning- This means keeping the product and target market the same but changing the image of the product. Product repositioning –This means that the product has been modified to meet more fully the expectations of the target group. Intangible repositioning-An organisation targets a new market segment with existing products but places the emphasis on a different ,less tangible aspect of the product. Tangible repositioning-In some market sectors there is the need to change both product and target market moving upmarket or downmarket through the introduction of a new range of products often demands a comprehensive repositioning strategy. Similarly a study by Kotler et al 1993 cited in Crompton 2000 pp70-72) offers three strategies that can also be used to achieve repositioning and they are as follows; Real repositiong: which means that an agency changes what it does so that desired community priority needs are met through its offerings Competitive repositioning which means altering stakeholders’ beliefs about what an agency’s competitors do. Psychogical repositioning which means altering stakeholders beliefs about what an agency currently does From the above, it can be deduced that; Repositioning is used to alter perceptions of the consumer It is used by organisations to ensure they exceed the expectations of the consumer in order to retain themselves in the business environment It is used to identify growth and opportunities. It must however be noted that whatever strategy that is employed ,must be realistic, achievable, results focused and must also take into account which strategy best fits the needs of the business as well as that of the consumer. However for the purpose of this report the attention is on renovation as a tool for repositioning in the hotel industry in other words the focus is on the use of renovation to develop or improve existing and new product lines. Renovation Definition According to Hassien and Baum (2001p. 148), renovation may be defined as â€Å"the process of retaining or improving the hotel image by modifying the tangible product, due to a variety of reasons, through any changes in the hotel layout (e. g. Property structure-new extension) and/or any additions or replacement of materials and furniture, fixture and equipment†. It may also be defined as â€Å"a facility for which a substantial amount of the equipment, structure or other components is replaced or modified and which may expand capacity and/improve the process of the facility† (CII 2006, P1) From the above it can be noted that renovation as a process involves a lot of activity which can either be upgrading of the design, decor etc of the property layout or the development of an entirely new product. Types of renovation Renovations may be classed as major or minor depending on the amount of work involved in each type. For instance a renovation that involves the renewal or replacement of all equipment, furnishings and finishes in order to improve or change the image of the physical layout of the hotel may be termed as a major renovation, whiles a renovation that involves the upgrading or replacement of soft goods such as carpets, drapes, beddings etc without changing the physical layout of the property. The property must be in a market not sustaining the desired level of operation There must be an alternate market not being served Change in the market they serve Furthermore Hassien and Baum (2002p. 148) cite these reasons; To keep up with the competition To maintain or increase market share by satisfying current or potential customers To improve the operational efficiency of the hotel that will lead to an increase in both productivity and long term savings in operational expenses To maintain corporate image and standards To upgrade the hotel to a higher category (eg. From 4 to 5) To comply with the new trends and technology in the market The process of renovation while its clear a renovation or brand conversion is intended as an improvement on your investment, managing a long list of decisions will make for a shortfall in revenue without the right plan in place†(sansone et al 2009 p. 20). It must be noted that renovation is constantly an ongoing process in hotels and it employs certain decision making factors to ensure its success. These decisions if undermined can cost hoteliers a great deal of money and if taken seriously can reap re wards in other words renovation can either pose a financial challenge if not planned well or reflect profitability if planned well. There is nothing worse than being in a hotel when these processes are on going, the noise, the uncertainty and the feeling that you are experiencing ‘second best’. The following decisions have been identified through research that renovation undergoes the following processes. Planning In the planning process, elements such as team, budget, timing and marketing are taken into consideration. Team: It has been argued that the very first step when the decision on renovation has been taken is the selection of a team usually comprising experts and project managers. Rowe and Megan1995,Hassien and Baum 2002). These people are usually charged with the responsibility of providing expertise in the accomplishment of budgets, contingencies and scheduling from the start till finish of the project and can be a complete waste of time and money if they are not involved in the renovation project(Sansone et al 2009 ). Budget: This usually involves taking into consideration a realistic amou nt of money that is believed to be enough to finance the project. It is also the most important and critical aspect pertaining to the project. It is usually based on criteria such as the time value of money, wealth maximisation and risk accommodation. Timing: Recognising when to undertake a renovation is also very important in the decision making process. This is because hoteliers must carry out such projects when occupancy is low so that renovation can be carried out with less disruptions and minimise risk in terms of safety Bowe and Megan 1995 ) It is also interesting to note that there aside the above decisions taken during the renovation process, key areas of long term decision making is that of investment. The decision to carry out these important changes must, of course, involve a much more complex set of criteria. The key concept of finance being the first that is reviewed and factored in terms of risk. It is assumed that the objective of any financial investment is to maximise economic benefits. Hence â€Å"projects which pass through the preliminary screening phase become candidates for rigorous financial appraisal to ascertain if they would add value to the firm (Dayananda et al 2002 p. 7). Four investment appraisal techniques namely, ARR(average rate of return, Payback, NPV(Net present value)and IRR(Internal rate of return)are usually considered in the decision making process in large companies with Payback and NPV proving to be the most popular(Lamminmaki et al cited in Guilding 2005 p. 205) To touch briefly on the above; ARR- measures the incremental operating income that will be generated per dollar of investment in other words it measures profitability by comparing the required investment to future annual earnings(Oliver& Amacom 1999p. 11, Dayananda et al 2002 p43) Payback-It attempts to forecast how long it will take for the expected net cash inflows to payback the investment outlays (Glautier and Underdown 2001 p. 448) NPV- The excess of the present value (PV) of cash inflows generated by the project over the amount of the initial investment (Shim&Siegel 2007 p. 209) IRR- It represents the true interest rate earned on an investment over the course of its economic life (Colin Drury 2004 p. 501. For the following the NPV and IRR are used as being the most important in the individual case studies. This does not mean the others would not work, simply these were the most appropriate. Informed assumptions are made within the case studies as only outline information was available from the companies Case study 1 January 18-24, 2004 Crown Plaza Owners of the hotel invested 7 million dollars to renovate the crown plaza in Philadelphia to restore the hotels reputation which owners believed have suffered as a place for corporate meetings and stays as well as well as to target the SMERF market(social, military, educational, religious, fraternal bookings). Hotel owners updated rooms ,with a redone lobby, restaurant, common areas and meeting rooms. The hotel is located on city avenue and is a walking distance from the new target store, that brought with it a host of smaller retailers including chipotle grill, sandwich works and California pizza. â€Å"I’m not sure how it affects business, but guests like to walk to a restaurant which is definitely a convenience for guests†. Calculating IRR IRR=A+(Na/Na-Nb)*(B-A) Where A =Lower DF (10%), B = Higher DF (20%), Na=NPV at 10% Nb= NPV at 20%. Therefore; IRR= 10+ (0. 662/0. 662-1. 02) * (20-10) IRR= 10+ (-O. 2) *(10) IRR=9. 98 Case study 2 The Grand Hyatt (New York) July 15, 2004 To reaffirm the brand as a leader in the multi purpose hotels, the Grand Hyatt under took a 55million dollar renovation project. The project touched every area of the hotel with more emphasis on guest room and meeting spaces. The guest rooms were designed to give them a more international look with desig n elements including a colour palette of golds and taupe with blue accents. Roman shades dug in into the window wells to replace traditional draperies, an all new cabling and wired smoke detection and emergency communication system. Work and play amenities include a 27- inch flat screen T. V, a standard workstation with ergonomic chair, CD- clock radio. Bathrooms were upgraded with porcelain tiles, black granite pedestal sinks, stone flooring and curved shower rods. An entire floor was upgraded into a high tech conference centre targeting financial companies that needed the latest technology as well as privacy to do their business. Therefore calculating the NPV for case study 1 is illustrated below In evaluating both studies it is obvious that the main reasons for undertaking these renovation projects was to: Compete against other hotels Satisfy their customers Increase profitability by attracting customers. The basic rule underlying NPV is that if the present value of the returns exceed the present value of costs then the project should go ahead since it will increase profits. (Atkinson and Miller p. 315). In other words the project should be carried out if the NPV is positive. In case study 1 an initial investment of 7million dollars in year 0 is assumed to give rise to inflows of 2million dollars for each of years 1 to 5 So in this case an NPV of 0. 662 and 1. 02 respectively are both positive figures and hence the project will be profitable. However this same projects could be risky because of it’s IRR. For instance Finnerty(2005 p. 157) is of the view that ifthe IRR exceeds the project’s cost of capital then the projects should be undertaken but in this case an IRR of 9. 98 is less than both the lower and higher discount factors of 10% and 20% respectively and therefore will be in the interest of decision makers to forgo the project. In case study 2 an initial investment of 55million dollars in year 0 is assumed to give rise to inflows of 12million dollars for each of years 1 to 5. In this case an NPV of 9. 52 also indicates a positive figure hence a profitable project. This suggest that higher is better for both NPV and IRR in other words investments with higher rates of return are more profitable than investments with lower rates of return but it can be argued that â€Å"since the economic environment is dynamic the cost of capital can be influenced by such changes,(Watson &Head 2007) rather it will be better if business owners sought to maximise shareholders wealth through considering their investment value in monetary terms rather than focusing so much on it’s immediate return. Moreover both the NPV and IRR have its merits as well as its demerits. Atkinson and Miller(1998 p. 18)give the following merits for the NPV; Gives a clear quantitative result Emphasises the time value of money and makes it superior to methods which do not involve discounting. Involves maximisation of present values of future cash flows thereby maximising shareholder wealth. Despite its merits ,Siddiqui (2005 p. 325,Rashid, Raj & Walters 2008p. 194) of the view tha t ; It is not helpful in comparing two projects with different cash flows It may be misleading in comparing projects of unequal lives It is complicated to estimate the values of cash inflows and outflows over the life of a project. Alternatively, (Capon& Disbury 2004 p. 224) state that the IRR has the following merits; It results in a clear percentage return required on investment since emphasis is placed on liquidity in calculation. It’s the measure of the intensity of capital use and also gives a return for risks Takes into consideration the time value of money and deals with discount cash flows. Several authors strongly oppose and cite reasons as to why the IRR may not be the best financial appraisal. For example ( Dyson 2004, Mclaney& Atrill 2007) give the following reasons It does not maximise shareholders’ wealth There is difficulty in handling projects with unconventional cash flows It gives only an approximate rate of return It can be misleading especially where there are negative net cash flows in subsequent years and when one project has to be opted for in favour of another i. e. mutually exclusive project. Conclusion Hotel renovation is an inevitable process especially if hoteliers wish to secure their positions in the marketplace and also keep up with the constantly changing needs of the consumer. The two investment appraisal methods i. e the NPV and IRR usually used by decision makers Moreover the customer be it a business traveller or holiday maker is the most important element to the hospitality industry, to such a customer, the most important criteria are an appealing image, safety and security, standard of service and most of all value for money. Leaders in the industry must in no uncertain terms ensure that they meet expectations. So regardless of the financial appraisal techniques considered in the decision making process, hotel renovations are a must unless hoteliers are looking to reposition further down the market for instance choosing to go two star(2) or three(3) then they could be justified if they chose not to renovate otherwise they should be aware that they stand the chance of loosing market share if they do not renovate when required. Reccommendations Although investment decisions are carried out in the hope of generating future returns, the most important question hoteliers should be concerned with is whether they will be in business if they compromised their standards and quality of service by not repositioning as a result of lack of funds. The following suggestions have been given to serve as a guide to hoteliers wishing to renovate in the near future. Due to the costly nature of renovation, hoteliers could consider alternative sources of capital such as loans that offer low interest rates and low down payments that are unlikely to change during the period of the loan. Also hoteliers must endeavour to give priority to areas that need immediate attention, they can achieve this by segmenting the market in order to identify the needs of the market that way they are able to know what to accomplish in the shortest possible time without breaking the bank. Again in the present downturn, hoteliers must find ways to cut down on renovation expenses. For example if there is a choice of choosing between minor renovations such as the changing of bedding, drapes, curtains etc to major renovations that deal with heavy equipments, hoteliers will be better off going for minor renovations. Moreover they could also seek advice (in terms of selecting contractors and experts that are willing to offer reasonable rates) from hoteliers that may have undertaken a similar project. In addition, Harris & Joanne (2003) advice that the best time to undertaken renovations should be less busy periods. Executive Summary The concept of repositioning was looked at in terms of two hotels. It looked at the repositioning and renovation concept. It was realised that the main reasons for carrying out these renovations was to satisfy the customer in order to ensure repeat business, differentiate form other competitors to maintain a leading position, open new markets, and also increase profitability. In order to achieve this certain decisions had to be carried out, emphasis was placed on two investment appraisal methods i. e the NPV (Net present value) and IRR (Internal rate of return) since hotel renovation involved a great deal of budgeting. It was realised that regardless of the investment appraisal methods, hotel renovations was inevitable. The conclusion was hoteliers had to renovate if they wanted secure the business in the constantly changing environment and also if they wanted to meet the changing needs of the consumer. It may be that they repositioned by default? Journals Ahmed Hassien, Tom Baum(2002) Hotel repositioning through property renovation. Tourism and hospitality research Vol. 4 p. 144 Beirne, Mike(2004) Crown plaza’s bed time story Brand week Vol. 45 ,pp. 12-12 Brennan, Kate(2001) Lodging hospitality Vol. 57, p. 36 Construction industry institute(2006), ‘definition for renovation’. Available from: http://www. Construction institute . org/ script content/cfm. Assessed [April 1 2009] Crompton, John L. (2009) Strategies for implementing repositioning of leisure services Vol. 14, pp. 87-111 Foong, Keat(2009) Multi- housing news Vol. 44 pp. 14-15 Harris ,Joanne (2003) Motel management Vol. 218 p. 36 Hermann, Daniel (2008) Repositioning for the future. Long term living for the continuing care. Vol 57 p. 3 John W. O’Neill, Anna S. Mattila (2006) Strategic hotel development and positioning: The effects of revenue drivers on profitability. Cornell hotel and restaurant administration quarterly pp. 7; 146 Jonathan C. Nehmer, Donald A. Noveau(2005) Renovate or Reposition know the difference. Us international journal pp1-3 Patel, Ashwen ‘Ash’(2008)Credit crunch may disrupt renovation plans. Hotel and motel management, Vol. 223 p10-10 Rowe, Megan. (1995)Renovation has it’s risk. Lodging hospitality. Vol 51 p. 40 Watkins, Ed(2004) New York dresses up. Lodging hospitality Vol. 60 p. 36 Books Bowie D. & Butler F. (2004) Hospitality marketing. Butterworth-Heinemann Capon C. & Disbury A. (2004) Understanding organisational context. 2 nd edition. Pearson education. p. 224 Enew C. Waite N. (2007) Financial services marketing: an international guide to principles and practice. Butterworth-Heinemann Drury C. (Management cost accounting). 6 th edition. Engage learning Glautier M. W. E & Underdown B. (2001) Accounting theory and practice. 7 th edition. Pearson education. Gruen R. & Howarth A. (2005) Financial management in health services. Mcgraw- Hill international Guilding C. (2002) Financial management for hospitality. Butterworth-Heinemann Jain P. K. &Khan M. Y. (2005) Basic financial management. 2 nd edition. Tata Mcgraw pp. 61-63 Mclaney E. J. & Atrill P. 2007) Accounting: An introduction. 4 th edition. Pearson education. Schim J. & Siegel J. G. (2007) Schaum’s outline of financial management. 3 rd edition. Mcgraw-Hill Stevens R. E et al Marketing opp ortunity analysis. Harworth press p. 105 Watson D. & Head A. (2007) Corporate finance: Principles and practice. {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change}

Case Study of Lipids

Lipid Panels Case Study Subject #1 This fifty year old man that has no apparent health problems has a low ‘HDL’ of 30mg/dl. That’s not a good thing because he’ll be more likely to develop heart disease or have a heart attack/stroke. Anything over 60mg/dl is considered to be optimal. He is border line high for LDL’s of 160mg/dl, the ideal number is 100mg/dl or lower. That number tells me he is at greater risk to heart disease and/or heart attack. Better diet and exercise would help him tremendously. He is also in the high range for triglycerides at 300mg/dl, considering anything under 150mg/dl is normal. He is at risk for high blood pressure and diabetes to name a couple things. Staying away from cigarettes, eating the right foods, and exercise would be ideal. After 150-199mg/dl it just goes to borderline, then high levels 200-499mg/dl, and then very high levels 500mg/dl or higher. Subject #2 Is a forty five year-old sedentary women who is 5’9† tall and weighs 170 pounds, with a history of hypertension. She has a ‘HDL’ level of 40mg/dl which is not very good it should be at or above 60mg/dl. She has a ‘LDL’ of 140mg/dl that is borderline high and her triglyceride level is at 250mg/dl which is high. She is high risk for heart disease, heart attack, stroke, obesity, and is at risk for metabolic syndrome. These can be greatly reduced by exercising 30 min a day for 4 days, eating healthier foods such as oily fish, fruits, and veggies. Subject #3 Is a sixty year-old sedentary who stands 5’9† tall and his weight is 230lbs. He has an ‘HDL’ level of 25mg/dl and that is low, it should be 60mg/dl or higher. Unfortunately a low (High-Density Lipoprotein) or ‘LDL’ puts you at risk of a heart attack, heart disease, or stroke. Eating less animal and partially hydrogenated fats along with exercise can help. This man has a (Low-Density Lipoprotein) or ‘LDL’ at 250mg/dl which is extremely high. He needs to try and eat more healthy foods like oily fish, veggies, fruits, whole-grains, high-fiber foods, and exercise as much as he can to try and bring that number down. Otherwise he will be more likely to develop heart diseases, stroke or a number of the bad things. And his Triglyceride level was at 115mg/dl, which is pretty good or normal I should say. High triglyceride levels could increase the risk of heart disease and might be a sign of metabolic syndrome. Resources http://circ. ahajournals. org/cgi/content/full/114/1/82 http://americanheart. org/